{"id":11973,"date":"2022-05-20T03:02:06","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T10:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/?p=11973"},"modified":"2022-05-20T03:16:10","modified_gmt":"2022-05-20T10:16:10","slug":"meta-preferences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/?p=11973","title":{"rendered":"Sexual [Meta]-Preferences"},"content":{"rendered":"

As I noted in an earlier 'blog entry<\/a>, I use the words choice<\/q> and choose<\/q> simply to refer to selection<\/span>; and, when I say that someone prefers<\/q> X<\/var> to Y<\/var>, I mean that if given a set of mutually exclusive options that include X<\/var> and Y<\/var> then Y<\/var> will never be selected. Some people try<\/em> to mean something else by one or both of these terms. In the case of choose<\/q>, they seldom if ever explain what that something might be. R[obert] Duncan Luce proposed to define preference<\/q> in terms of probability<\/em> of selection, rather than in an absolute manner as do I; that difference won't bear meaningfully upon what I have to say here.<\/p>

One might have preferences about<\/em> one's preferences. For example, preferring-not-to-prefer simultaneously X<\/var> to Y<\/var>, Y<\/var> to Z<\/var>, and Z<\/var> to X<\/var> for any X<\/var>, Y<\/var>, and Z<\/var>. But note that making<\/em> choices based upon the preferences that one has<\/em> is different<\/em> from choosing<\/em> to have the preferences with which one makes the choice. Choices about preferences are meta<\/em>-choices; preferences determining meta-choices are meta<\/em>-preferences.<\/p>

In theory, all choices could be determined by preferences, all preferences could be meta-chosen, all meta-choices could be determined by meta-preferences, all meta-preferences could be meta-meta-chosen, all meta-meta-choices could be determined by meta-meta-preferences, &c out to any finite<\/em> level of meta<\/em> that you might imagine. But the levelling cannot be in<\/em>finite. At some point, one reaches a level that wasn't<\/em> chosen. Varieties of choices and preferences that are turtles all the way down<\/q> are an impossibility. A class of choices cannot have any members if it is defined such that each member is underlain<\/em> by a choice of that same class. Likewise for preferences.<\/p>

And hence I come to the expression sexual preference<\/q>. As introduced and still generally to-day, it refers to what one sexually prefers; it says nothing<\/em> about what one meta<\/em>-prefers or meta<\/em>-chooses. People said to have sexual preferences are thereby said to choose with<\/em> those preferences, not to have chosen the preferences themselves. Someone said to have heterosexual preferences is not thus said to have chosen heterosexuality itself, and so too of someone said to have homosexual preferences. And if we deny that sexual preferences can be real<\/q> because they are not underlain by a choice of sexual orientation, then we must claim that all non<\/em>-sexual preferences are likewise not real<\/q>, because it's never<\/em> turtles-all-the-way-down.<\/p>

The only people who will be offended<\/em> by the term sexual preference<\/q> itself will have confused preferences with meta-preferences — or will be those people who have simply embraced the claim that the term is offensive without much thought as to why it should be so. And a rather large group will not actually be offended, but will rôle-play as if offended, because they observe that this behavior is the practice of their political tribe.<\/p> ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As I noted in an earlier 'blog entry, I use the words choice and choose simply to refer to selection; and, when I say that someone prefers X to Y, I mean that if given a set of mutually exclusive options that include X and Y then Y will never be selected. Some people try […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,117,29,318,4,100],"tags":[1546,947,1633,1589,989,1634],"class_list":["post-11973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary","category-communication","category-disturbing-the-peace","category-ethics-philosophy","category-public","category-sexology","tag-choice","tag-definitions","tag-meta-choice","tag-meta-preferences","tag-preferences","tag-sexual-preference"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11973"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11978,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11973\/revisions\/11978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}