{"id":10020,"date":"2017-11-19T23:51:31","date_gmt":"2017-11-20T07:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/?p=10020"},"modified":"2017-11-20T00:03:27","modified_gmt":"2017-11-20T08:03:27","slug":"meta-games","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/?p=10020","title":{"rendered":"Meta-Games"},"content":{"rendered":"

It has famously been argued that the word game<\/q> cannot be defined in a way that adequately captures the various senses in which it is used. I believe that, in everyday use, the term game<\/q> most often means a system of contrived challenges properly<\/u> imposed or undertaken for purposes of amusement<\/span>. Hence, someone might assert something such as Love is not a game!<\/q> But, even in lay-use, game<\/q> can have other meanings. For example, when a person proceeds deceitfully or insincerely, he or she may be said to be making a game<\/q> of things, without necessarily seeking amusement in proceeding in this way.<\/p>

Economists and mathematicians applying themselves to problems of economics or proximate to those of economics can use the term so very broadly as to refer to any problem of optimization. But, most often, they mean a system in which multiple parties interact with the potential for one or more parties to advance an interest or something that is treated as an interest (such as reproduction)<\/span>. It is in this sense that I here use the term game<\/q>.<\/p>

The rules<\/em> of games are often subject to to change, and those changes may be a<\/em>ffected or e<\/em>ffected by players of the governed game. There is thus a meta<\/em>-game — a system in which multiple parties interact with the potential for one or more of them to advance an interest by changing the rules<\/em> of the game; or, in the context of others trying to changing the rules, by preserving<\/em> the rules. The concept of meta-games<\/span> is hugely important for understanding social processes.<\/p>

Of course, a meta-game might have its own meta-game — a meta-meta-game. For example, the determination of a legal frame-work<\/span> might be the meta-game of the social processes that the frame-work governs, and a struggle over social values<\/span> might be the meta-game of the determination of the frame-work and thus the meta-meta-game of those social processes. But it can be difficult — without necessarily being useful<\/em> — to work-out an actual hierarchy.<\/p>

Sometimes, all that we really need to recognize<\/em> is that some activity is a meta-game of some other game, without concerning ourselves as to whether the other game is itself a meta-game. People might readily recognize<\/em> meta-gaming in activities such as political lobbying, but they generally don't<\/em> recognize it when it's effected by psychologists, by teachers, or by screen-writers.<\/p>

I want to draw upon this notion of meta-games for at least one 'blog entry, but I will probably want to draw upon it for multiple entries, so I will leave this entry as infrastructure<\/span>. And I may later and without notice rework it, in an attempt to improve it as infrastructure.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"It has famously been argued that the word game cannot be defined in a way that adequately captures the various senses in which it is used. I believe that, in everyday use, the term game most often means a system of contrived challenges properly imposed or undertaken for purposes of amusement. Hence, someone might assert […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,117,36,4],"tags":[574,1515,1516],"class_list":["post-10020","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary","category-communication","category-economics","category-public","tag-game-theory","tag-games","tag-meta-games"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10020"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10020\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10020"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.oeconomist.com\/blogs\/daniel\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}